FAA Certification Basis - for icing condition

Software Lewice

Advisory Circular
AC No: 25.1419-1  8/18/99
ANM-112
Title: Certification of transport category airplanes for light in icing conditions


AC 20-73
FS-140
Date 21 April 71
Subject: Aircraft Ice Protection

FAR 14 Part 25 Appendix C

TTAF - Useful Life Remaining

Thinking about buying an used aircraft??

Total Time Air Frame
Cycle count - take-off/landing (airframe pressurization cycle counts)

A large transport aircraft like 777 may have more hours than a smaller jet like 737, but it may have fewer cycle count because of longer mission profile.  Fatigue is a function of frequency and magnitude of stress changes. A frequently pressurized cabin, repeated heated and cooled jet engines are some parameters to use before spending more time on the detail records.

Airlines are quick to discard older airplanes when TAF/Cycle count reaches economic apex, the useful life, maintenance cost and not so efficient fuel burn engines do not justify economic benefit of buying newer aircraft.

On the other hand, for low utilization application, buying an used aircraft may be a good choice when capital investment relative to its utilization operating cost is low.

An airline may schedule a jet over 10 hours flying time a day, that could easily account for 2,500 hours a year. Many private jet don't see that kind of utilization schedule, therefore a commercial jet on its final lag of "final D" check before heading to bone yard is a good suitable candidate for conversion.

Airframe manufacture designs aircraft with a life-cycle limit in mind before it has to be completely checked out. Maintenance Planning Data manual (MPD) is a good place to start.

737-BBJ 1998, TTAF=3500 hours  (300 hours /year)

Want to Own a Plane? Pilatus PC-12

http://www.globalplanesearch.com/

This aircraft, Pilatus PC-12, is on top of my list for go anywhere bush-pilot aircraft.
It has the range (2000nm), speed (280kts), big cargo door and extremely useful payload.
This Swiss made aircraft has sold 1000+ units already since entering service in 1994. PC-12 costs more than its competitors, but many recognize its value beyond the asking price.

How about the Cessna 208 Caravan (first service 1984 - 2000+ units sold)?
Beechcraft Super King Air?

Cessna 208 Caravan   = 2.2 million baseline cost
Pilatus PC-12 = US$4.0 Million PC-12NG Executive


 # ## #
PC-12 vs Metro 23


Specifications (PC-12)
RCMP PC-12, Winnipeg c. 2007
Weather radar on the wing of Pilatus PC-12 NG

General characteristics

    Crew: one or two pilots
    Capacity: 9 passengers standard, 6-8 executive (19 passenger)
    Payload: 1,500 kg (3,502 lb)
    Length: 14.40 m (47 ft 3 in) (59 ft 4 in)
    Wingspan: 16.23 m (53 ft 3 in) (57 ft 0 in)
    Height: 4.26 m (14 ft 0 in) (16 ft 8 in)
    Wing area: 25.81 m² (277.8 ft²) (310 ft^2)
    Empty weight: 2,761 kg (5,867 lb) (8,737 lb)
    Loaded weight: 4,700 kg (10,450 lb)
    Max. takeoff weight: 4,740 kg (10,450 lb) (14,500 lb/16,000 lb)
    Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67P turboprop, 895 kW (1,200 shp) (2x TPE-331, 1,100 shp each)
    Maximum landing: 4,700 kg (10,450 lb)
    Maximum payload full fuel: 539 kg (1,189 lb)
    Tail wingspan: 5.20 m (17 ft 1 in)
    Propeller: Hartzell HC - E4A - 3D/E10477K – 4 blade aluminum
    Propeller diameter: 2.67 m (8 ft 9 in)
    Propeller RPM: 1,700 rpm

Performance

    Cruise speed: 500 km/h (312.5 mph/270 KTAS/280 KTAS @ 20000 ft (PC-12NG)) (318mph)
    Stall speed: 120 km/h (74.8 mph/ 65 KCAS/66 KCAS (PC-12NG))
    Service ceiling: 9,150 m (30,000 ft)
    Rate of climb: 512 m/min at sea level (1,680 ft/min)
    Wing loading: 174.3 kg/m² (35.7 lb/ft²)
    Power/mass: 3.7 kg/shp (8.2 lb/shp)
    Range 0 passenger: 4,149 km (2,593 mi) (2,239 nm)
    Range 9 passenger: 2,804 km (1,753 mi) (1,513 nm) (1,150nm)
    Takeoff distance over 15 m (50 ft) obstacle: 701 m (2,300 ft)
    Takeoff distance ground roll: 450 m (1,475 ft)
    Landing distance over 15 m (50 ft) obstacle: 558 m (1,830 ft)
    Landing distance ground roll: 228 m (945 ft)

Value of Airplanes - Who can afford V-VIP aircraft?

Who can afford a V-VIP aircraft?

A BBJ/A320 converted private jet runs about $100 to $120 millions (new, new).  What's the typical/mean owner profile? or are these airplanes registered as company asset to take advantage of deduction?


The Google boys privately shared a used 767-200ER (Used Qantas aircraft ~ 10 millions, and 15 millions of conversion = $25 millions).  A new G5 and an interior will set  in the upward of $80 millions.

Will someone spend 10% of their asset for a private jet? or Will it be more economical to lease instead?

# # # # #






Here a quick valuation of  green airplanes

262.4 B777-200LR
  85.8 B737-900ER
164.3 B767-300ER
==============
512.5 (three Boeings)

250.8M A340-500
250.8M A340-500
  87.0M A340-200 (1989 price)
  81.4M A320
===================
619.0M (four Airbus)

A340-200/equiv 2010 est = 141M

1,200M for 7 fying jets

737-6/7/8/9 = 57,68,81,86M
767-2/3/3f/4 = 144,164,168,181
787-8/9=185,218
777-2E/2L/3/F=232,262,284,269
747-8/8F = 318, 319


 # # # #
http://www.l-lint.com/articles/a-primer-for-the-new-flight-department-the-abcs-of/

Top American Fighter Jets (IMO)

Effectiveness/Cost ratio
F22 - (5th generation fighter)
Super F18 - (4.5 Gen)
F35 - (5th Gen)
F15 -
F16/F18
F14

ATA Code - Aircraft Maintenance Chapters 100

Chapter 00 Introduction / Aircraft General

Chapter 05
05-10-00 Time Limits / Maintenance Checks - Aircraft General
05-20-00
05-40-00 Time Limits / Maintenance Checks - Components

Chapter 06
06-00-00 Dimensions and Areas - General

Chapter 07
07-00-00 Lifting and Shoring - General

Chapter 08
08-00-00 Leveling and Weighing - General

Chapter09
09-00-00 Towing and Taxiing - General

Chapter 10
10-00-00 Parking, Mooring, Storage and Return to Service - General

Chapter 11
11-00-00 Placards and Marking - General

Chapter 12
12-00-00 Servicing - General

Chapter 18
18-00-00 Vibration and Noise Analysis (only Helicopter)

Chapter 20
20-00-00 Standard Practices - Airframe - General

Chapter 21
21-00-00 AIR CONDITIONING
21-10-00 Compression
21-20-00 Distribution
21-30-00 Pressurization control
21-40-00 Heating
21-50-00 Cooling
21-60-00 Temperature control
21-70-00 Moisturization/air contamination

Chapter 22
22-00-00 AUTOFLIGHT
22-10-00 Autopilot
22-20-00 Speed-attitude correction
22-30-00 Autothrottle
22-40-00 System monitor
22-50-00 Aerodynamic load alleviating

Chapter 23
23-00-00 COMMUNICATIONS
23-10-00 Speech communication
23-20-00 Data transmission,auto. calling
23-30-00 Passenger address and ent.
23-40-00 Interphone
23-50-00 Audio integrating
23-60-00 Static discharging
23-70-00 Audio & video monitoring
23-80-00 Integrated automatic tuning

Chapter 24
24-00-00 ELECTRICAL POWER
24-10-00 Generator drive
24-20-00 AC generation
24-30-00 DC generation
24-40-00 External power
24-50-00 AC electrical load dist.
24-60-00 DC electrical load dist.

Chapter 25
25-00-00 EQUIPMENT & FURNISHINGS
25-10-00 Flight compartment
25-20-00 Passenger compartment
25-30-00 Buffet/galley
25-40-00 Lavatories
25-50-00 Cargo compartments
25-60-00 Emergency
25-70-00 Accessory compartments
25-80-00 Insulation

Chapter 26
26-00-00 FIRE PROTECTION
26-10-00 Detection
26-20-00 Extinguishing
26-30-00 Explosion suppression

Chapter 27
27-00-00 FLIGHT CONTROLS
27-10-00 Aileron & tab
27-20-00 Rudder & tab
27-30-00 Elevator & tab
27-40-00 Horizontal stabilizer
27-50-00 Flaps
27-60-00 Spoiler, drag devices, fairings
27-70-00 Gust lock & damper
27-80-00 Lift augmenting

Chapter 28
28-00-00 FUEL
28-10-00 Storage
28-20-00 Distribution
28-30-00 Dump
28-40-00 Indicating

Chapter 29
29-00-00 HYDRAULIC POWER
29-10-00 Main
29-20-00 Auxiliary
29-30-00 Indicating

Chapter 30
30-00-00 ICE & RAIN PROTECTION
30-10-00 Airfoil
30-20-00 Air intakes
30-30-00 Pitot and static
30-40-00 Windows, windshields & doors
30-50-00 Antennas & radomes
30-60-00 Propellers & rotors
30-70-00 Water lines
30-80-00 Detection

Chapter 31
31-00-00 INDICATING & RECORDING SYS.
31-10-00 Instrument & control panels
31-20-00 Independent instruments
31-30-00 Recorders
31-40-00 Central computers
31-50-00 Central warning systems
31-60-00 Central display systems
31-70-00 Automatic data reporting systems

Chapter 32
32-00-00 LANDING GEAR
32-10-00 Main gear & doors
32-20-00 Nose gear & doors
32-21-01 ACTUATOR, CENTERING
32-30-00 Extension & retraction
32-40-00 Wheels & brakes
32-50-00 Steering
32-60-00 Position and warning
32-70-00 Supplementary gear

Chapter 33
33-00-00 LIGHTS
33-10-00 General compartment
33-20-00 Passenger compartments
33-30-00 Cargo and service compartments
33-40-00 Exterior
33-50-00 Emergency lighting

Chapter 34
34-00-00 NAVAGATION
34-10-00 Flight environment data
34-20-00 Attitude & direction
34-30-00 Landing & taxiing aids
34-40-00 Independent position determining
34-50-00 Dependent position determining
34-60-00 Flight management computing
34-70-00 X-PONDER, MODE S

Chapter 35
35-00-00 OXYGEN
35-10-00 Crew
35-20-00 Passenger
35-30-00 Portable

Chapter 38
38-00-00 WATER/WASTE
38-10-00 Potable
38-20-00 Wash
38-30-00 Waste disposal
38-40-00 Air supply

Chapter 45
45-00-00 Central Maintenance System / Onboard Maintenance System

Chapter 46
46-00-00 Information Systems

Chapter 47
47-00-00 Inert Gas System

Chapter 51
51-00-00 STRUCTURE, GENERAL

Chapter 52
52-00-00 Doors
52-10-00 Passenger/crew
52-20-00 Emergency exit
52-30-00 Cargo
52-40-00 Service
52-50-00 Fixed interior
52-60-00 Entrance stairs
52-70-00 Door warning
52-80-00 Landing gear

Chapter 53
53-00-00 FUSELAGE

Chapter 54
54-00-00 NACELLES/PYLONS
54-10-00 Nacelle section
54-50-00 Pylon section

Chapter 55
55-00-00 HORIZ. & VERT. STABILIZERS
55-10-00 Horizontal stabilizer or canard
55-20-00 Elevator
55-30-00 Vertical stabilizer
55-40-00 Rudder

Chapter 56
56-00-00 WINDOWS
56-10-00 Flight compartment
56-20-00 Passenger compartment
56-30-00 Door
56-40-00 Inspection & observation

Chapter 57
57-00-00 WINGS
57-10-00 Center wing
57-20-00 Outer wing
57-30-00 Wing tip
57-40-00 Leading edge and leading edge
57-50-00 Trailing edge and trailing edge
57-60-00 Ailerons and elevons
57-70-00 Spoilers

Chapter 61
61-00-00 PROPELLERS
61-10-00 Propeller assembly
61-20-00 Controlling
61-25-01 GOVERNOR, PROPELLER
61-30-00 Braking
61-40-00 Indicating
61-50-00 Propulsor duct

Chapter 71
71-00-00 POWER PLANT
71-10-00 Cowling
71-20-00 Mounts
71-30-00 Fireseals
71-40-00 Attach fittings
71-50-00 Electrical harness
71-60-00 Air intakes
71-70-00 Engine drains

Chapter 72
72-00-00 ENGINE - TURBINE

Chapter 73
73-00-00 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL
73-10-00 Distribution
73-15-00 Divider Flow
73-20-00 Controlling
73-25-00 Unit Fuel Control
73-30-00 Indicating

Chapter 74
74-00-00 IGNITION
74-10-00 Electrical power supply
74-15-01 Box, Ignition exciter
74-20-00 Distribution

Chapter 75
75-00-00 AIR
75-10-00 Engine anti-icing
75-20-00 Cooling
75-30-00 Compressor control
75-35-01 Valve HP & LP Bleed
75-40-00 Indicating

Chapter 76
76-00-00 ENGINE CONTROLS
76-10-00 Power control
76-20-00 Emergency shutdown

Chapter 77
77-00-00 ENGINE INDICATING
77-10-00 Power
77-20-00 Temperature
77-30-00 Analyzers
77-40-00 Integrated engine instrument sys.

Chapter 78
78-00-00 EXHAUST
78-10-00 Collector/nozzle
78-20-00 Noise suppressor
78-30-00 Thrust reverser
78-40-00 Supplementary air

Chapter 79
79-00-00 OIL
79-10-00 Storage
79-20-00 Distribution
79-30-00 Indicating

Chapter 80
80-00-00 STARTING
80-10-00 Cranking

Chapter 81
81-00-00 Turbines (only Reciprocating Engines)

Chapter 82
82-00-00 Water Injections

Chapter 83
83-00-00 Accessory Gear Boxes (Engine Driven)

Chapter 84
84-00-00 Propulsion Augmentation

Chapter 91
91-00-00 Charts

Chapter 104
104-10-00 Technical Training Servicing
104-20-00 Technical Training Familization
104-30-00 Technical Training Maintenance

Chapter 105
105-00-00 Flight Simulator Systems

Chapter 116
116-00-00 Flight Simulator Cuing Systems